1.
THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD HISTORY
1.1
What is the Etymology of the word History?
According to Steinmetz (2017), “History
has evolved from an ancient Greek verb which means “to know,” says the Oxford
English Dictionary’s Philip Durkin. The Greek word “historia” originally meant
inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as well as the knowledge that results
from inquiry. And from there it’s a short jump to the accounts of events that a
person might put together from making inquiries — what we might call stories.”
1.2
What are the misconceptions of the Etymology of the word History?
History is linked most of the time
with the word story, yet the original version of this word incorrectly
describes the origins of the words “history” and “inquiry.” They do not share
the same root word. Stories may be tales read in bedtime, plots of melodramatic
soap operas or movies, and set of lies – even white lies. Histories, on the
other hand, are records of remarkable events. As the linguistic divide has
evolved since the Middle Ages, we have come to expect more from history — that
it be free from the flaws of viewpoint and selective memory that stories so
often contain.
1.3
How did people react regarding the Etymology of the word History?
Feminists declined the word history
and raised awareness regarding the recognition of “herstory” during the 1970s,
says Dictionary.com’s Jane Solomon “to point out the fact that history has
mostly come from a male perspective.” The “his” in history has nothing,
linguistically, to do with the pronoun referring to a male person.
1.4
How did History as a word evolve?
2. THE SOURCES OF HISTORY-in history, there are two kinds of sources: primary sources and secondary sources. Both primary and secondary source data are used in research. new knowledge emerges from analysis of primary source data.
2.1 Primary sources
Primary sources are firsthand
accounts or records of events in history, a direct data from an event or
original source. These sources reflect the point of view of a participant or
observer at a particular point of time, or a statement held officially. Data
from a primary source is the ideal type of data to collect; the closer we can
get to an original account of the target information or event the more accurate
the information will be; It contains the original or raw evidence. The examples
of these are personal records
(letters, emails, diaries & daily planners), vital records (birth and death certificates & marriage
licenses), literary manuscripts
(novels, stories, poems, scripts, articles and books), institutional records (financial records, reports, meeting minutes,
emails, memos, publicity materials, and newsletters), mass media (newspaper and magazine articles, published photographs,
recordings of television and radio broadcasts, sheet music and music recorded
for mass distribution, advertisements, books, and magazines), ephemera (theatre programs, posters for
events, ticket stubs, political leaflets, and bumper stickers), artifacts (human-made or human-designed
objects), oral histories(audio
clips), photographs, and maps.
2.2
Secondary sources
Secondary sources typically include
information where people begin developing initial understandings of a topic and
literature reviews; it is based on primary sources. It was created later by
someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or
conditions you’re researching. If you use a secondary source that was published
decades ago, it is important to know what subsequent scholars have written on
the topic and what criticism they have made about the earlier work or its
approach to the topic. The examples of these are textbooks, essays, reviews,
articles, criticisms and commentaries.
3. THE STAGES OF HISTORY
3.1
Palaeolithic Stage(or Old Stone Age) - peoplestarted to
use wood and stones at this stage.
3.2 Mesolithic
Stage(or Middle Stone Age) - stones are more refined in
this stage and the variety of stone equipments widen.
3.3 Neolithic
Stage(or New Stone Age) - a stage wherein metals are used along with polished stones
4. THE PERIODS OF HISTORY
4.1 Ancient Period –8th century A.D; the Dark Ages,
the birth and spread of Christianity and decline of Pagan empires; aggregate of
past events from the beginning of recorded human history.
4.2 Medieval Period -8–18th centuries; start of crusades, renaissance, discovery of new world and the start
of colonialism.
4.3 Modern Period –18th century up until today; comprised
of colonial exploitation, industrial revolution, and many technological
discoveries like steel and steam turbine.
5.
THEORIES OF HISTORY
5.1
Marxist Theory - Socialism serves as the preparatory
stage for Communism that aims for Utopia (perfect and classless society.
5.2
Feminist Theory - Men and women should be equal
politically, economically and socially. “History” was scandalous and “herstory”
as a word was fought for, for it shouldn’t only be about his story, but also
hers.
5.3
Challenge and Response Theory - Albert Toynbee
explained how civilizations rise and fall. He felt that traditional
explanations – environment, race, leadership, possession of land, access to
natural resources – were wrong or too narrow.
5.4
Cyclical Theory -History repeats itself; there is no real
“progress.” This theory holds that history is a series of patterns that recur
in different forms around the world.
Civilizations rise and fall, often for similar reasons. Understanding history is about understanding
patterns.
5.5Linear
Theory - History is about progress. The world is constantly
improving and heading in an ultimate direction.
There are no real repetitions in history, although they may appear to
exist every once in a while. This theory
is heavily based on the idea of cause and effect: "this happened, and then
that happened; that happened because this happened first.
5.6
Great Man Theory - Individual people and/or small groups of
people, through the power of their character or intellect, determine the course
of history. This view of history was
popular in the 19th century. It is
summarized by Thomas Carlyle’s quote, “The history of the world is but the
biography of great men.
5.7 Everyman
Theory - The world is shaped by the efforts of ordinary
people, not small elite groups or individuals.
This theory holds that social groups and everyday people (e.g. farmers,
merchants, religious figures) shape history.
To fully understand history, you must also understand the everyday lives
of these groups. One of the most
well-known books that presents this viewpoint is Howard Zinn’s A People’s
History of the United States.
5.8
Geographic Theory – “Geography is destiny”. The natural environment is a major
determinant of history, determining the potential and needs of groups of
people. This theory is often associated
with Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel, which argues that certain peoples
are destined for greater success based on their geographic location and access
to resources.
5.9
Ethno-history Theory - reflects the wide range of current
scholarship inspired by anthropological and historical approaches to the human
condition around the world, but with a particular emphasis on the Americas.
5.10 Economic
Determinism Theory – suggests that economic forces determine,
shape, and define all political, social, cultural, intellectual, and
technological aspects of a civilization.
6.
2018 HISTORY MONTH'S THEME: "KASAYSAYAN: TUKLASIN, MAHALIN, PALAGANAPIN
History is a treasure we should
keep and make use of; this is where we meet our origin and acknowledge people
that sacrificed for the fatherland. Expedition and raised awareness is a must
when it comes to history; it should never be something to be embarrassed of but
should be something to be proud of – so we should express how we love it by
letting other people aware, may it be Filipinos or not. I look forward to what
history has in store for us, and eagerness should dwell. History is an
adventure, we could dive inside of it, hike above it and enjoy whatever view it
offers for it is surely something to gain a lot from; it is beautiful. It
allows us to broaden our horizons and explore different cultures and
ideologies. It feels great to learn how so many things are connected through
history and that all of it affects the world.
7.
IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING HISTORY AND RELEVANCE TO BEC
7.1Importance
of studying History - History helps us understand change
and how the society we live in came to be. By being aware about how rapid and
constant change is, we could be a lot more open about how passive our
environment looks but how active it could effect. History is inescapable as a subject of serious
study; the past causes the present and the future, and dreaming about the
future requires recognition of the past.
7.2
Relevance of History in Bachelor of Early Childhood Education
– As an early childhood educator in the near future, studying history could
influence my teachings with my students. The data gathered from acknowledging
lessons from the past could help me solve the problems I and the children would
encounter may it be an academic one or not.
References:
http://time.com/4824551/history-word-origins/
https://libguides.madisoncollege.edu/primary
https://www.library.illinois.edu/village/primarysource/mod1/pg2.htm
http://nshslibrary.newton.k12.ma.us/CassellTheories
https://read.dukeupress.edu/ethnohistory
assets.cambridge.org/97805216/53053/excerpt/9780521653053_excerpt.pdf
https://www.quora.com/On-what-basis-is-ancient-medieval-and-modern-history- classified-How-do-they-segregate-these-time-periods
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_De_La_Salle_University#Early_history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_early_childhood_care_and_education
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